Most government software was never designed to last decades. It just ended up that way. Tax systems, benefits platforms, citizen records. All built on whatever was current at the time, then patched until the original developers retired. A 2016 GAO report found that several federal agencies still relied on COBOL and assembly language, some over 50 years old. When COVID-19 hit in April 2020, New Jersey's unemployment system buckled under a 1,600% surge in claims. Governor Murphy had to publicly appeal for retired COBOL programmers.1 Three years earlier, HealthCare.gov collapsed on launch day. Its front end was wired into back-end databases never designed for consumer-scale traffic.2
These aren't isolated incidents. They're what happens when modernisation is perpetually deferred.
1 CNN, April 2020
2 HHS Inspector General report, 2014